Immanuel Kant's Theory of Religion Based on the Ethicotheological Worldview
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概要
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Immanuel Kant's Religion within the Boundaries of mere Reason (1793) is the work, in which the author explicates most comprehensively his philosophy of religion. As Kant explains in one of his letters, he tried with this work to complete the third part of his planned philosophy. Accordingly we should appreciate the importance of this work for what is called his critical philosophy. In spite of that, many scholars, taking Kant's own explanation with a grain of salt, would not treat this work as an equal with the three precedent Critiques. They point out that the work, not attaining the same methodical exactitude as the three critiques, does not represent systematically Kant's complete philosophy of religion. Hereby they remind us of the background that the four parts of the book Religion within the Boundaries of mere Reason were originally planned as contributions to a popular monthly review, and that the book lacks integration, since it is virtually a mixture of four single articles. In my opinion their underestimation of it is caused by their ignorance of the whole basis that Critique of the Power of judgment gave for Kant's theory of religion. In this paper I argue that the whole theory of religion explicated in Religion within the Boundaries of mere Reason is based on the ethicotheological worldview as a result of Critique of the Power of judgment. The ethicotheological worldview opened up a vista for the solution of the question: "What may I hope?" In the last parts of Critique of the Power of Judgment Kant outlined a series of hopes, of which the elaboration he left to the succeedingwork. Since the whole theme of Religion within the Boundaries of mere Reason was thus prescribed, the book should be regarded as integrated in its entirety. From this perspective I explicate successively the purport of each part of the book.
- 2010-03-20