学校における地域別発育発達の促進現象
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概要
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This thesis is based on the survey on change in physical growth of Japanese pupils, clarifying its characteristics and analyzing statistically its relationship with the intake of various nutrients which seem to be one of the important cause of growth. The survey consists of the following three parts. 1) The survey was conducted on the height, weight, girth and sitting height of grade school children (elementary and junior high school pupils) in urban, suburban and rural areas during the period of nine years, and the comparison was made on average value, raw regressed growth gradient, standard regressed growth gradient, increase, increase rate, and increase tendency. 2) The same survey and comparison were made in Kyoto City where the physical standard is considered to be higher and in Kagoshima prefecture where it is lower. 3) The rate of each nutrients contributing to the physical growth was calculated according to a contribution rate formula and the correlation between the survey on the annual change in physical growth of nationwide pupils revealed by the Ministry of Education and the national nutrition condition study made by the Misnistry of Health and Welfare. Contribution rate=r^2_zi/Σr2_zi-n ×100 N.B. rz represents Z transformation of correlation coefficient. The result is as follows: (1) The physical growth difference among the students (including elementary and secondary school children) in urban, suburban, and rural areas was not so great as had been expected, however, the girls in urban schools slightly surpassed in height and weight in each age group. The average growth rate during the nine years reveals that the pupils both boys and girls, in urban schools slightly surpass the subarban and rural schools. There was no significant difference between the pupils in subarban and rural schools. (2) The survey and comparison were made on raw regressed growth gradient, standard regressed growth gradient, growth increase, increase rate, and increase tendency of the students in the abovementioned area groups from 1969 to 1977, but there was no particular area difference. (3) The following classification was made in order to know a certain growth pattern among the pupils during the nine years. The average value(m)and the standard deviation(SD)were calculated as follows: L>(m+SD) M=m±SD S<(m-SD) The shifting rate(change)from L to M was 33% among the boys and 41% among the girls. No shift was seen either from L to S or S to L. (4) From a relative growth standpoint the study was made on comparative weight, girth and sitting height of the students in three areas. However, only slight particular area difference was found despite these examinations made into different sexes and ages, using Vervaeck, Rohrer, Kawahata and Kaup Indexes. (5) The comparison on physical growth was made between Kagoshima Prefecture, the area of low growth rate, and Kyoto City, the area of high growth rate, with the equivalent age value of growth as a measure. The physical standard of Kyoto had always been higher than that of Kagoshima. Although there was little difference between the two areas in 1948, since then, the difference was getting greater year by year, reaching its peak in 1970, and again it was getting decreased. (6) From a view point of raw regressed growth gradient, growth increase tendency, etc, the comparison was made between the areas of Kagoshima and Kyoto. According to the abovecomparison both raw regressed growth gradient and growth increase tendency are greater in Kagoshima, that is, there still remains a possitive tendency. (7) The contribution rate of nutrients to the pupils physical growth ranks as follows: fat, calcium, protein and vitamin B2. In conclusion, the physique of Kyoto is almost all the time higher than that of Kagoshima. Although the difference between the two was very small around the end of the World War n, it reached its peak in 1970, and since then, the difference was gradually decreasing. Sufficient evidence were obtained to prove the above-mentioned fact by measuring raw regressed growth gradient, growth increase rate and growth increase tendency. In addition, fat, calcium, protein, especially animal protein, and vitamin B2 have greatly contributed to improve the physique of Japanese school pupils. Excessive intake of carbohydrate brought the opposite effect.
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