スティーヴン治世期王位継承の内乱における教会と国家(下) : 一一三九年の司教逮捕事件とその結末
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概要
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In June 1139, when Empress Matilda was rumoured to be on the point of invading England to press her claim to the throne, King Stephen arrested Roger Bishop of Sahsbury(de facto Chief Justiciar), Nigel Bishop of Ely(the treasurer of the Exchequer) and Alexander Bishop of Lincoln, who were all important figures in the politics and administration of the kingdom. About a hundred years ago, William Stubbs wrote that this incident had two major consequences Firstly, it is said to have ruptured the alliance between the Church and the Crown which had lasted since the accession of Stephen in 1135 Secondly, it is supposed to have destroyed the sophisticated administrative machinery which had been developed under the direction of Roger of Salisbury and Nigel of Ely in the reign of Henry I As a result, Stubbs regarded the arrest of the bishops as a trigger for the subsequent "anarchy". Although some qualifications have been voiced about Stubbs' statement, modern historians such as R H C Davis and Edward J Kealey still hold similar views In spite of their arguments, however, closer scrutiny of various chronicles and charters makes it clear that the traditional view can no longer be upheld The Church seems to have continued to support Stephen even after the arrest of the bishops (June 1139) and at least until the Battle of Lincoln (February 1141), as virtually all the English and Welsh bishops (excepting only that of Ely) attended the king's court between these two incidents. Likewise, the charter evidence shows that in this period many local administrators were still attending the king's court and the king seems to have had enough officials to maintain the royal government relatively in order. In short, the effect of the arrest of the bishops was not so serious as has been supposed It was, in fact, after the capture of Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln that the royal government stopped functioning and the Church, though reluctantly, deserted the king for the first time The common belief of ecclesiastics in those days was the Gelasian view which stressed co-operation between Church and State Therefore, even after the arrest of the bishops, the ecclesiastics could not oppose the anointed king out of hand, nor did the royal officials, the majority of whom were clergy, find it inconsistent with their order to serve him in government.
- 慶應義塾大学の論文
著者
関連論文
- 討論 ([西洋史研究会]2006年度大会共通論題報告 中世ブリテンにおけるネイションの諸相)
- 山代宏道著 『ノルマン征服と中世イングランド教会』 (渓水社 一九九六・二刊 A5 四九六頁 八〇〇〇円)
- What do the 'medieval documents' reflect? : Summarized proceedings of the sessions of 107 and 207 of the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, 2002.
- 姓の起源
- Gervase Rosser, Medieval Westminster 1200-1540 (Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1989). xvii+425 pp.
- 政治史資料としての貨幣--12世紀イングランドの事例から (世界史の研究(187))
- アングロ・ノルマン王国と封建諸侯層--1066年-1204年
- 中世史部会--中込律子「中世成立期の国家財政構造」,本郷恵子「鎌倉期の朝廷財政について」,荒木洋育「リチャ-ド1世期のイングランド領主層」 (1995年度歴史学研究会大会報告批判)
- スティーヴン治世期における財務府
- スティーヴン治世期王位継承の内乱における教会と国家(下) : 一一三九年の司教逮捕事件とその結末
- スティーヴン治世期王位継承の内乱における教会と国家(上) : 一一三九年の司教逮捕事件とその結末
- 報告 12世紀前期イングランドにおける王権とアリストクラシ---スティ-ヴン治世期内乱の評価をめぐって (1989年度〔西洋史研究会〕大会共通論題報告--ヨ-ロッパ形成期における教会・貴族・王権)
- ヨーロッパ : 中世 : イギリス (一九九二年の歴史学界 : 回顧と展望)