「ブーコリカ」から「ゲオールギカ」へ : ludereとdocere

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The purpose of this paper is to show an aspect of Vergil's development in his view of poetry through his early poems, Bucolica and Georgica, by considering the meaning of 'sphragis'(G. 4. 559-66), especially that of lusi audax iuventa to him. As is shown in the sphragis and Eel. 1. 10; 6. 1-2; 6. 18; 7. 17, Vergil used the words ludus/ludere as the signs of his Bucolica. And that he gave some specific meaning to them can be easily understood from the fact that their Greek equivalents παιγνιον/παιζειν are not used as the words meaning "a (playful) song" or "a poem"/"to sing (playfully)" or "to make a poem" in the Greek bukolicpoets such as Theocritus, Moschus and Bion, whom Vergil imitated at first. Their signs are βουκολιαζομαι/βουκολικαι Μουσ・ι etc. Perhaps Vergil borrowed them from novi poetae or Catullus or directly from Callimachus. According to B. Snell, the Callimachean uses of the words are characterized by 'Witz' and 'Spiel' which are in contrast to 'Moral' and 'Pathos' ; and Callimachus, with a tinge of irony, maintained the Kultur and the Kunst iraiyviov has in itself or originally. Vergil accepted this literary slogan and represented it in Bucolica. But the literary milieu of Rome was different from that of Alexandria. The bellatrix Roma (Ovid. Trist. 2. 321) was not always in favour of poetry as Cato had said long before that a poet used to be called a grassator. We can see clearly from other examples of the use of ludus/ludere that the ludus-kind of poetry, i.e. the lyric (cf. Plin. epist. 7. 9. 9ff; 5. 3. 22ff; Ovid. Trist. 2; Hor. epist. 1. 1. 1 ff, etc.) was in particular undervalued, orblamed in Rome whose traditional interest lay mainly in res militaris and res publica. Catullus and novi poetae revolted against these Roman negotia of serietas and gravitas, taking up the Callimachean literary idea as their arms. Vergil too was in this Alexandrin trend in Rome. But something happened during the years of discordia arma and the following land distribution. The present author has tried to set Eel. 9. 1. 4, and the sphragis (lusi audax iuventa) in this context of the Roman literary milieu and interpret the sphragis not as something that states "modest self-pride" in his first introduction of Greek bucolic poetry, or "review of his boldness" with which he criticized and condemned discordia arma, but as something that tells "self-reflection" on his early form of poetry which had no power nor validity, and "realization" of things Roman which only can make a poet a true Roman poet.
日本西洋古典学会の論文
1980-03-26

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大西英文
神戸市外国語大学

「ブーコリカ」から「ゲオールギカ」へ : ludereとdocere

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