ギリシア悲劇のΑΝΤΙΛΑΒΑΙ : その機能と展開
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概要
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If we examine 'Αντιλαβαι in Greek tragedy for form and meaning-Aeschylus has no 'Αντιλαβαι, and in early Sophocles there are a few exceptions-, we can classify them generally into the 4 following forms A, B, C and D. A (Anticipatory 'Αντιλαβαι) occur in 1 or 2 verses near the beginning of a dramatic situation, and serve to awaken the audience suddenly to a movement of the plot, which develops from there on. E. g. Sophocles, Oedipus T. 1120, Electra 1209; Euripides, Hippolytos 310, Phoenissae 896-897. B (Completory 'Αντιλαβαι) occur in a number of verses at the end of a situation and serve to complete the scene, heightening the dramatic excitement of the situation. The usual order of verse-types is: rhesis-stichomythia-'Αντιλαβαι-rhesis (a number of verses)-lyric (stasimon, kommos, μελο&b.sigmav; απο σκηνη&b.sigmav;, deus ex machina). E. g. Sophocles, Oedipus T. 1173-1176, Electra, 1220-1226; Euripides, Alcestis, 390-391, Iphigenia Aul. 1459-1460, 1464-1466. These two forms, A and B, frequently appear in both tragic poets throughout their careers. C (Tetrametric 'Αντιλαβαι: Logical 'Αντιλαβαι) are characteristic of Euripides' later works and are used in many verses to differentiate clearly one section from the preceeding and succeeding parts. E. g. Euripides, Ion 530-562, Orestes 774-798. D (Composite 'Αντιλαβαι: Vivid 'Αντιλαβαι) are characteristic of later Sophocles and occur sporadically throughout a situation, mixed with various verse-forms: rhesis, stichomythia, distichomythia and lyric. This form serves to portray excited movement in the characters. E. g. Sophocles, Philoctetes 1218-1313, Oedipus C. 800-886. Furthermore, 'Αντιλαβαι occur in later Sophoclean dramas (Philoctetes, Oedipus C.)from prologue throughout each episode up to the exodus, appearing at decisive points in the drama. Making skilful use of forms A, B and D, the poet stimulates the anticipation of the audience, heightening the excitement of the scene, and describing vividly the feelings of the characters. If we compare 'Αντιλαβαι C and D characteristic of the poets in their old age, it becomes clear what each poet was trying to accomplish with this verse-form. Sophocles was aiming at a vivid description of human emotions; Euripides wished to emphasize the clearly logical composition of the plot. At this point too, we can say that Sophocles is ethical and dramatic, Euripides logical and rhetorical. The forms are deliberately used by Sophocles in his later works with full awareness of their dramatic function, while Euripides, on the other hand, does not necessarily use 'Αντιλαβαι in important scenes. We can therefore conclude that 'Αντιλαβαι are a splendid dramatic technique in Sophocles.
- 日本西洋古典学会の論文
- 1968-03-30
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関連論文
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- ギリシア悲劇のΑΝΤΙΛΑΒΑΙ : その機能と展開
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- 悲劇詩人アガトーン
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