Athenaeus XV 695 a-bのisonomosについて
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The skolion of four stanzas called Harmodiou melos in Athenaeus XV 695 a-b is regarded as the only source of the isonomia (equality of political rights) before Herodotus, because it contains the word isonomos in its first and fourth stanzas. For example, V. Ehrenberg, C. M. Bowra and M. Ostwald infer that the isonomia was formed in the sixth century B. C., while pointing out the relation between isonomia and the reform of Cleisthenes. But in these cases the word in this skolion is the only authority for them. An examination of Harmodiou melos in this study does not necessarily support the inference that those two stanzas were made in sixth century B. C.. That is, both stanzas contain two false facts and these lies are also contained in a common saying that later came to be generally prevalent. So, the formation of these stanzas seems to be related closely to the formation of this common saying. The main point of this common saying is to regard the murder of Hipparchus by Harmodius and Aristogeiton as a deed of liberation of Athens from tyranny. But in fact, the overthrow of tyranny should be claimed by the Spartan troops and Alcmeonidai who let the Spartans move. On the other hand, the appearance of the word isonomos seems to be related closely to democracy or democratic principles, as is seen in the early uses of isonomia, especially by Herodotus. Therefore it could be inferred that, on the background that produced the common saying as well as those two stanzas, there must be, as a necessary premise, a sentiment of anti-tyranny, a factor of anti-Alcmeonidai and of democracy. The period that satisfies the three factors seems to be the date when this skolion was written. The date alleged as that of each skolion, i. e., 514-510 B. C., 510-508 B. C. and 508-490 B. C. does not always satisfy these factors. Moreover, the twenty-five skolions in skolia attica can be inferred to have been made not long after the Persian Wars. So, the probable date of these stanzas may be presumed to be 490-478 B. C., the period of Persian Wars or 478-460 B. C., the period of developing democracy. Accordingly, the attractive idea that relates isonomia with the reform of Cleisthenes does not seem to have been given an effective support by these stanzas of the aforesaid skolion. There is, at present, no way to find a proof for this idea except through the consideration of this reform itself.
- 1972-03-25
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関連論文
- Athenaeus XV 695 a-bのisonomosについて
- WHITEHEAD, D., The Demes of Attica 508/7-ca. 250 B.C., A political and social study, Pp.xxvii+485, Princeton U. P., New Jersey, 1986.
- OSBORNE, Robin G., Demos : The Discovery of classical Attika., Pp.xii+284, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985.
- SIEWERT, Peter, Die Trittyen Attikas und die Heeresreform des Kleisthenes, Pp. xviii+184, Beck, Munchen, 1982, DM. 82