紀元前5,4世紀のアテナイにおける海上貿易とεκδοσι&b.sigmav;
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概要
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The word εκδοσι&b.sigmav;, used in relation to overseas trade, has generally been interpreted as 'sea loan' (ναυτικον δανειον)from the accounts of the lexicons such as Harpocration etc. The author here tries to investigate whether this interpretation of the word is right or not from contemporary literary sources. The author examines five sources(Lysias 32,6; Dem. 27,11; [Dem.] 35, 51; 52, 20; Hyper, c. Demosth. col. 17.) in which εκδοσι&b.sigmav; or its verbal form εκδιδωμι is used in overseas trade and reaches to the conclusion that there are no sources which prove that εκδοσι&b.sigmav; is identical with the sea loan, and that εκδοσι&b.sigmav; should be regarded as a form of investiment which is different from the sea loan. The following seems to be the contract called εκδοσι&b.sigmav;. The investor entrusts a sum of money to the trader with whom he makes a contract. The latter, with this money, sails abroad for commercial transaction and imports the merchandise into Athens. The investor receives the merchandise, sells it and gives a fee to the trader from the proceeds(or both of them divide the proceeds). "Εκδοσι&b.sigmav; was especially used by the wealthy merchant and the owner of the large εργαστηριον which was in need of the continuous supply of raw materials. Probably τραπεζιτη&b.sigmav; also made use of this contract to enlarge his fortunes. The maritime transaction by means of εκδοσι&b.sigmav; was older than the sea loan. While the investors largely consist of non-citizens in sea loan, in εκδοσι&b.sigmav; many of them are Athenian citizens. Most of the traders who were entrusted with the money were, in early times, poor citizens. Throughout the fifth century B. C, however, when many foreigners and metoikoi came into Athens, they have taken the place of those poor citizens.
- 日本西洋古典学会の論文
- 1977-03-29
著者
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