トルコにおける米棉品種の普及政策 : 1930〜1940年代のアダナ県の事例

概要

論文の詳細を見る
During the first half of the 19th century, the international price of raw cotton increased dramatically due to the cotton crisis. Great Britain sought alternative cotton sources, such as the Ottoman Empire, to replace the United States. Turkey also encouraged the spread of cotton cultivation, which expanded to the Southern Anatolia and Aegean regions. At the end of the 19th century, cotton became one of the most important exports and in the meanwhile import of cotton manufactures were on the increase in Turkey. But due to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 and the Great Depression in the 1930s, the new government introduced an import substitution policy for textiles by seeking domestic industrialization. However, the low quality of Turkish cotton was a problem as the industrial sector required high-quality cotton, which meant American cotton. This paper discusses the issues in the import substitution policy and the cotton improvement project in Turkey. It focuses on the differences between Turkish (Yerli) and American (Acala) cottons to explain the increase in supplies, and estimates the resulting rise in demand for agricultural labour to pick the cotton. It stresses in particular the deregulation of the contract labour system. The growth of American cotton ultimately spread in Turkey in the latter half of the 1940s and contributed to the success of the Turkish textile industry in the 1950s.
社会経済史学会の論文
2006-11-25