ヴァイマル期ドイツにおけるアリス・ザロモンの女性社会福祉職教育 : 「女性社会福祉職・教育職のためのドイツ・アカデミー」に注目して
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概要
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Following the birth of Hitler's Nazi regime in 1933, "German Academy for Women's Social and Educational Work" (Die Deutsche Akademie fur soziale und padagogische Frauenarbeit)-an educational and research institution for women- was closed. The founder of the "Academy" was Alice Salomon, who is today considered a pioneer of German social work as an academic discipline. Despite her reputation, Salomon has not been a subject of much study in the history of education. The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical significance of the "German Academy for Women's Social and Educational Work", in order to understand Alice Salomon's efforts in social welfare education for women. Alice Salomon founded the Academy in 1925 after serving as principal of the "Social Women's School in Berlin" (Soziale Frauenschule Berlin). The time when women pursued their rights through social work and educational action had passed. The "Academy" was established at a time when social workers were recognized as salaried official positions, and when the number of women attending university had increased. However, the need for social workers after World War I differed from that in the beginning of the twentieth century, when the "Social Women's School in Berlin" was first established. After the war, the quality of the school deteriorated, students' socioeconomic backgrounds changed along with their motivation. It was necessary for the social welfare education of women to advance beyond a basic level in order to provide specialized training for women in social welfare. In the new social work scenario, Alice Salomon brought about a transformation through her "Academy", moving from social service based upon theory and practice to highly specialized training for leaders of social welfare education. In other words, the "Academy" was the next step in strengthening social welfare education. Although she sought to establish a high degree of specialization in social welfare education, Salomon's efforts were only for women, and she rejected university level social welfare education. In the end, this restricted the development of social workers and social welfare education.
- 2009-10-01