放線菌の分類に関する研究 : 特に足菌腫原因菌の帰属とそれらの抗生物質感受性について
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概要
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Chalmers and Archibald etiologically differentiated the mycetoma in actinomycosic and maduromycosic, and the actinomycetes are an important group of agents of mycetoma all over the world. Actinomyces at present comprises 18 genera and two subgenera including mycobacterium, streptomyces and nocardia. Streptomyces, to a lesser extent nocardia, is now well known as a source of many important chemotherapeutic agents. In spite of rapid accumulation of knowledge regarding the taxonomy of these organisms in these years, much confusion still exists in the classification of actinomycetes because they have many fundamental properties in common with both true bacteria and true fungi. The agents of mycetoma, especially N. madurae, N. pelletieri, N. somaliensis and A. Paraguayensis, were classified in nocardia by some investigators and in streptomyces by the others. But definite characterization of these organisms seems to be lacking. In the present series of experiments, a number of actinomycetes isolated from the cases of mycetoma were studied morphologically by slide culture technique and cell wall staining. The application of whole cell infrared spectrophotometry for the identification of these organisms was also investigated. Most strains of N. madurae, N. pelletieri, N. somaliensis and A. paraguayensis produced long filaments which persisted without septation and segmentation. They also showed infrared absorption patterns identified as streptomyces according to the criteria proposed by Arai et al. It is, therefore, fairly evident that N. madurae, N. pelletieri, N. somaliensis and A. paraguayensis are cleary differentiated from other agents of mycetoma, N. brasiliensis and N. asteroides. The cell constituents which reflect specific absorption patterns of mycobacterium, nocardia and streptomyces were also investigated by fractionation experiments. When the organisms of Mycobacterium sp. 607 was extracted with solvent mixture of ether-alcohol and with chloroform, the absorption bands near 2930 cm^<-1> and 2870 cm^<-1> decreased considerably, an absorption band near 1740 cm^<-1> almost disappeared and the relative intensity of the absorption bands at 1380 and 1410cm^<-1> was reverted. The specific configurations in the key regions I, II and III of nocardia and mycobacterium are thus interpreted as progressive increase in their lipid content. The characteristic absorption pattern of mycobacteria in the region IV was also assigned to their specific constituent of glycogen type polysaccharide. These organisms were tested for their susceptibility to four antibiotics and to Sulfadiazine. N. somaliensis and N. pelletieri were found to be highly sensitive to penicillin, while most strains of N. brasiliensis and N. asteroides were not inhibited at the concentration above 1000 u/ml. Erythromycin exhibited similar activity to that of penicillin. Most strains of N. madurae and N. somaliensis were sensitive to dihydrostreptomycin. N. asteroides, N. brasiliensis, and A. paraguayensis were not inhibited by these test compounds.
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