アメリカにおける男女間賃金格差の実態

概要

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This paper aimed at clarifying the actual situation of the pay gap between men and women, and at studying what factors brought its change in the United State. We firstly surveyed theoretical models to explain the wage gap and then American literature in this relation. The pay gap between men and women reduced rapidly in the 1980s, but a difference threw it on expansion adversely at the middle of the 90s, and found the reduction a little afterwards. We observed and analyzed these changes by dividing the Current Population Survey (CPS) data into two periods (1980-1992 and 1992-2006). As a result, the pay ratio of female to male increased on an average of 0.01 during the period from 1976 to 1992. After that, however, the ratio decreased, then stagnated and again increased. According to the literature survey and the observation of the CPS data, the reduction factor of the pay gap between men and women of the 80s is accumulation of human capital such as education and the workplace experience of the women. After 92, the accumulation of the human capital of the women increased, but the pay gap between men and women did not show a clear trend and repeated approximately fluctuate state. After 92, the human capital theory has a limit to explain the female-male wage differentials in the United States. This became clear by observation of the CPS data by educational background, age group, and occupation.
2009-06-10