1才児の音声伝達行動における機能と音声のピッチ特徴
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概要
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In the present study, relations between pitch characteristics and communicative functions of a one- year- old were explored.. A one-year-old male subject was observed interacting with bis mother at three different times: 12, 14, and 16 months of age. The mother/child dyads were videotaped for approximately 45 minutes each time at home. The video- recordings were made using a prtable camera (SONY video Hi 8 Handycam). Fifty to 60 vocalizations were randamly sampled from each recording after all cry and noisy vocalizations were eliminated. Each vocalization was assigned a communicative function that was an interpretation of how the vocalization functioned in the context. The classification used was adapted from Flax et al. (1991). The categories were: Response, Request-Attention, Request-Object/Action/Response, Comment-Noninteractive, and Comment-Interactive. The acoustic variables were : (1) Average fundamental frequency ; (2) Maximum fundamental frequency; (3) Minimum fundamental frequency ; and (4) Range. The 4 values were extracted for each utterance by using the acoustic analysis software "Rokubunnken". Four measurements of picth - average fundamental frequency, maximum fundamental frequency, minimum fundamental frequency and range - were examined in terms of their relation to communicative function. The results of the median tests indicated that there are significant correlations between communicative functions and average fundamental frequency, maximum fundamental frequency, and range. It was found that the high pich vocalization was associated with Request-Attention, Request-Object/Action/Response and the low pitch vocalization was associated with Comment-Noninteractive. Also, the small range was associated with Response and Comment-Noninteractive. The findings that the high pich vocalization was associatedwith Request-Attention and the small range was associated with Response support observations reported by Flax et al. (1991). The subject showed a tendency to vocalize with a small range of pitch when compared to the subjects examined by Flax et al. (1991). The findings of the present study need to be examined by using more subjects and by comparing cross-culturelly. It was also suggested that pitch variables of mothers' vocalizations and their sensitivity to their children's communicative behaviors need to be considered in order to better understand children's communicative functions and pitch characteristics.
- 国際基督教大学の論文