A Study of Social Consciousness in the Fishing Village of Mirotsu, Kishu Peninsula, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan
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概要
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Overall, the results of this study indicate that the traditional Japanese idea of ongaeshi is still strongly cherished by Mirotsu villagers. Residents are very sensitive to human relationships (giri-ninjyo) as Benedict (1946) and Hayashi (1982) had earlier suggested and feel that social contact with others occurs more frequently in their community. They are also inclined to participate in various associations and groups in the community. However, there is some indication that they feel that close friends or relationships in the local community can sometimes lead to problems which may make village life less satisfactory than they would like. Respondents continue to feel that the eldest son should assume family responsibilities in the traditional way and that the wife should manage household affairs including finances. Although traditional values in general are a greater determinant of social consciousness amongst villagers, individualistic values are not absent as evidenced by the belief, particularly among men, for example, that one should be able to proceed with an idea in which one firmly believes. Comparisons by demographic sub-category reveal some differences of opinion among Mirotsu residents. Those of the older generation, who are also those, for the most part, who have been educated under the former educational system, are more inclined to traditional values than their younger counterparts educated under the modern system. This represented a confirmation of Fukutake's (1960) observation that Japanese social consciousness is strongly influenced by the system under which people have been educated. The present study also revealed that people born in the local community are more strongly attached to the fishery and to the local community in general. Religious values seem to be stronger determinants of social consciousness among women than among men but women also exhibit more interest in the world beyond Mirotsu than do men. In short, Mirotsu remains a community still strongly influenced by traditional values and the traditional occupation of fishing. However, it also seems to be a community in transition. Those who subscribe to traditional ways are more likely to be members of the older generation educated under the former educational system. Changes in social consciousness are bound to come as those with more modern views and expectations command a greater proportion of the population of the district in the future.
- 国際基督教大学の論文
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