日本の労働者にとっての会社 : 「身分」と「保障」を中心に(大会報告・共通論題:現代化過程における日本の雇用-企業と「公共性」-,2008年度秋季学術大会)
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This paper investigates the process by which Japanese big corporations played a 'public' role of sharing employees' risks, focusing on workers' status and their welfare. Japanese management exploited 'dual track personnel administration' as a means of giving some previously-selected workers the chance to occupy a part of higher-ranking positions while leaving the remainder of the workforce to advance its position through a competitive process. As a result, Japanese blue collar workers did not all possess a single status, but rather were divided into several statuses, as a result of which their positions and welfare benefits came to be very different. However, Japanese workers protested against this system, resulting in a compromise between management and labor: management accepted the promotion of regular workers while avoiding company responsibility for irregular workers. Facing labor unrest at the time of WWI, management began to take a share of ordinary workers' risks by setting up welfare programs and tried to maintain core workers by improving their status within the company. Workers meanwhile attempted on the one hand to obtain more generous welfare benefits by asking for greater corporate responsibility, and on the other hand endeavored to enable more workers to enjoy pay raises and job promotion by leveraging the principle of 'long service'. As a consequence, the status gap between white collar and blue collar workers decreased. However, in contrast, the gap between regular and temporary workers widened. WWII and the period of democratization after Japan's defeat acted further to narrow the white collar/blue collar status gap and build the foundation of a single status on which subsequent Japanese modern human resource management practices have been developed. This gave Japanese kaisha the power with which they could compete on the world market. Even so, irregular workers in Japan still remain without corporate support and protection today.
- 2009-04-30
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関連論文
- 日本の労働者にとっての会社 : 「身分」と「保障」を中心に(大会報告・共通論題:現代化過程における日本の雇用-企業と「公共性」-,2008年度秋季学術大会)
- 河西宏祐著, 『全契約社員の正社員化-私鉄広電支部・混迷から再生へ(1993年〜2009年)-』, 早稲田大学出版部, 2011年, ix+288頁