方面委員制度とストラスブルク制度 : なぜエルバーフェルトだったのか

概要

論文の詳細を見る
The "Houmen Iin "was a quasi-(professional) social work system providing the Japanese public with assistance before the Second World War. The "Houmen Iin "System which was established in Osaka prefecture in 1918 was modeled on the "Elberfelder System" (1853-) of Elberfeld city (now, a part of Wuppertal city) in Germany. In the system the proto-case-workers were respected and had a public mandate but unpaid. The system had a big effect reducing expenses for poor relief, so public welfare in Germany came to use this system widely. But gradually the limitation of the amateur was pointed out and the system was remade in Strasbourg in 1906; the new system combined care and public surveillance. It was called the "Strasbourg System" and was further developed and adjusted to the conditions of rapid urbanization. The significance of this system is that it had both worker volunteers and paid staff, and increasingly trained employees. In Japan citizens also paid attention to the "Strasbourg System" , but the "Houmen Iin "System was established by law at the beginning of the Showa period. I aim, as a first step in my research, to make a clear why the "Elberfelder System" was chosen but not the "Strasbourg System" in Japan.