浄土宗における漢籍受容 : 了誉聖冏著作を中心に
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概要
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Ryoyo Shogei's 了誉聖冏(1341〜1420) is one of the most respected monks of the Jodo sect(浄土宗). His work did much to strengthen the Jodo sect's religious position, which was not yet recognized as an official sect in his time. Shogei wrote more than 100 books during his life time, which encompassed the so-called Geten(外典), Chinese texts(漢籍), and books on Shinto(神道書). He frequently referred to Geten, especially the Chinese texts in his Jodo works. Thus, it is essential to examine the Chinese texts when we study his philosophical beliefs. This paper shows how Shogei used the Chinese texts in his works, particularly Confucianism(儒教). First, I examined the frequency with which he referred to Chinese texts in his works (28 books, 128 volumes). I detected more than 300 cases in approximately 100 Chinese texts. Based on his extensive study of his predecessors' theories - Zendo(善導) and Ryochu(良忠) - Shogei developed his own theories about Confucianism, which had a strong influence on the Japanese people at the time. Shogei changed the meaning of the Guwen-Xiaojing(古文孝経), a scripture in Confucianism, in order to define Kodo 孝道, a basic concept in Confucianism, as Jinen-do(自然道), a principle that existed from the beginning of heaven and earth and human beings. He concluded that Confucianism was what Confucius (孔子) preached on Kodo. By so doing, Shogei clarified the differences between Buddhism and Confucianism, and denied the easy interpretation that they were one and the same. It is noteworthy that his theory clearly defined the traditional interpretation on Geten that had existed in the Jodo sect since Zendo. To summarize, Shogei demonstrated his acceptance of the Chinese texts not only by frequently referring to them, but also by his ability to clarify how Jodo was related to other religions such as Confucianism. Moreover, he made an ideological attempt to propagate the Jodo sect to other sects.
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