商店「経営」と「家族」生活 : 1950年代の大阪船場の「住み込み」の事例から(山本剛郎教授退職記念号)
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to consider why the merchants in the Osaka Senba area maintained and restructured the framily business system known of "live-in employees" during the 1950s and 1960s in the midst of democratization and rationalization in post-war Japan. In this paper I describe the reelationships between the managers and employees in terms of "store management" and "family life". In the Senba merchant stores, families lived with their employees, and there was no distinction between the work space and family space prior to World War II. This system, however, had become more rare and was seen as a remnant of pre-modem times, In orher words, the system was considered to have been a temporary but outdated phenomenon in Japan's modemization. In pre-war Japan, these young men lived together with their employers' families (live-in employees), and were engag3ed in both store business and house work as they had been disciplined to become merchants. Though this type of employment was considered outdated and even condemned as a part of the patriarchal system after World War II, merchants in the Senba area continued to operate this system of family business for a period of twenty years after the end of the war. However, as the merchants had to adapt to economic development along with democratization and rationalization after the war, they chose the strategy of maintaining and restructuring this system in order to keep their businesses in operation. In this paper, I discuss this process of re-composition, and attempt to clarify the relationships between business owner4s and live-in employees, both in pre-war and post-war times in Japan.