Conservation of National Parks and Wildlife Reserves in Nepal : A Policy Discussion
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概要
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Nepal has a rich bio-diversity and occupies a large number of wildlife and indigenous plant families and exotic orchids including the birds, butterflies, and mammals, etc. The management of national parks, protection of wildlife habitat, regulating hunting, and conservation of the bio-diversity were brought under the ambit of regulatory control only in the early 1970s to control destruction of forest and bio-diversity, and deter hunting of wild animals. Such policy measures became helpful to create protected areas such as national parks, wildlife reserves, and the hunting reserve. However the policies adopted during 1970-90 was felt inadequate to solve the problems caused due to the conflicts between park management and local people, and the conflicts between local people and wildlife. After early 1990s, a change in management policies of the protected area system the collective role of government and the people at large was realized. To augment this strategy, necessary legal instruments were enacted and policy measures were adopted and established some conservation areas and the buffer zones. Despite some changes can be noticed, a lot of problems have also been emerging primarily due to the lack of political commitment, inadequacy of efficient administrative set up, heavy dependence on forests products for livelihood, lack of people's awareness, and lack of stringent enforcement mechanisms to deter the wrongdoers. For this, it requires political consensus, mobilization of the local people as an integral part of the conservation efforts and commitment and capacity enhancement of the concerned authorities for efficient handling of the conservation activities.