南太平洋の風景と地誌を記録する : フォルスター『世界周航記』の自然のイメージ(<特集>東西学術研究所シンポジウム:『近代との出会い-風景からのアプローチ』)

概要

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The book A Voyage round the World (1777, 1778-80) by Georg Forster (1754-94) records mainly two images of natural landscape in South Pacific islands. One shows undeveloped Nature as it was, and the other shows Nature with human touch added. These two images reflect two contrasts of physis and techne from the age of Greece. This was formed by introducing the European cultural phenomena like literally text of Horatius or Homer, or landscape drawing of Salvator Rosa. Forster's use of this method helped readers to see the image of Nature in non-European world, and to follow the writer's experience in the South Pacific islands. However, in Forster's these description of Nature, "garden" or "landscape" was used as a unit, a measuring scale to observe the Nature as a whole. Also, his flexible viewpoint and its dynamic diversion, as he observe and describe the individual item of Nature in microscopic viewpoint as well as using the scales mentioned above, gives his record of the Nature depth and color. We can also see the process of dividing the Nature into parts and organizing it in the text of A Voyage round the World. Such method of recording Nature was the foundation of modern geography, and was succeeded by Alexander von Humboldt's "Naturgemalde".
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