エジプトと日本における政治語彙の造語 : ネーション概念の言語的な考察とその対応語

概要

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This paper summarizes the relation between language and its use in politics as follows: constrained communication denotes successful attempts by private and government groups to structure and limit public communication in order that their interests prevail. From this point of view, Egypt and Japan (as non-European countries) brought a lot of ideas from the West, and for expressing those ideas a number of new political words were created; however most of these were contested concepts. This is because every concept has a double meaning: one of these meanings was introduced from the West without any change; the other meaning was born natively and settled into the way of thinking and life. This is what the author calls "double culture" or "the word with a double significance". Egypt and Japan are not exceptional in this. After establishing the modern state in the 19 century, the Meiji and Muhammad 'Ali governments maintained their political power using political words such as "'ummah.millah" and "Kokutai.shinmin" and so on. Here we will argue the way of forming the political vocabulary, mainly "'ummah" and "shinmin" with regards to the modernization and formation of, what is known by 'nation state' and explaining how this "double culture" occurred in both countries. Furthermore we will also explore the role of Fukuzawa Yukichi and Rifa'ah al-Tahtawi for avoiding this problem until words such as"Sha'b" and "kokumin" was well established.