状元夫人考 : 清代中期における士大夫と俳優

概要

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This article discusses the relationships that existed between literati and actors during the Jiaqing 嘉慶 and Dongguang 道光 eras of the Qing dynasty. It was during the late Ming period that actors came to be frequently patronized by literati and thus gained a certain amount of social prestige, despite their inferior social status as jianmin 賤民. However, things began to change after the advent of the theater during the mid-Qing period, when actors began being seen in the company of literati. Furthermore, the portraits of actors and drawings done by actors themselves were an important part of such companionship. There was only one condition: that any actor had to belong to a "first class" theatrical company; that is to say, literati only befriended actors who were celebrity figures in the eyes of the common people. Therefore, in this sense, such actors were not completely dependent on their literati patrons. It was at that time that the dramatic work, Zhuangyuan Furen 状元夫人, portraying a wealthy actor befriended by a poor literati, enjoyed a great deal of popularity. The author argues that appearance of the work was the result of important changes in social context and represents not only an opportunity for certain actor to move out of their condition of social inferiority, but also a significant historical change marking the transition from the late Ming to the mid-Qing period.
財団法人史学会の論文
2009-02-20