サルトルにおける暴力論の位置 : サルトル-バタイユ問題にも寄せて
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概要
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The philosophical consideration on violence acquires great importance in Sartre's thought, that is, the position unifies the totality of his thought. As such important theme, it is consisted in the crossing of Sartre's two main philosophical inquiries, two problematiques. The first one attains summit in "Critique of dialectical reason", which graspes violence as the inevitable social element for human being arrested in "scarcity" as the ontological condition. From this point of view, violence is grasped as the refusal of reciprocity which is occurred by diabolical inversion of reciprocity through the circulation of "otherness" produced by the Manichaeist construction of "evil". The second one appears as the consistent theme in Sartre's "existential psychoanalysis" -inquiry of the French authors so called "the cursed poets", "Baudrelle", "Saint Jenet" and "Lidiot de famille", which offers us the critique of the violence of essencially aesthetic "narcissism of negativity" that "imaginative man" lives and takes on himself. Sartre's "existential psychoanalysis" -just the intention of "Being and nothing" is to offer the ontological base for it-is very the method for this critique. And viewed at in this light, Batheille is an important representative man of this violent worldview for Sartre. The phylosophical confrontation between Sartra and Batheille is very interesting and important for this matter. These two critiques of violence by Sartre join together in one theme, which formes an inner relationship between two critiques, that is, the theme "humanism of reciprocity", the core idea of Sartre's moral thought.
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