第一次大戦から1921年までのポーランドにおける統制経済とユダヤ人問題

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概要

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• The main purpose of this paper is to analyze from the viewpoint of problems created by the food distribution policy the reasons for the stereotype among some Poles of Jews as black marketeers in the period 1915-1921. This was part of the controlled economy introduced in occupied Poland by the German military authorities during the First World War and continued by the Polish Government in the first years of its existence. In existing research this stereotypical view of Jews has been analyzed as a theme of political history or as a phenomenon of anti-Semitism. This paper adopts a socio-economical analysis of the actual food distribution policies, that is, the control of the German occupation authorities (Ministry of Distribution, Provincial Office of Grain Distribution-Landesgetreideamt) and later the Polish Ministry of Distribution, National Office of Grain Distribution (Panstwowy Urzad Zbozowy). Their policies had basic defects that proved inherently fatal. In the first place they could not supply enough grain - a situation caused by the German policy of the exploitation of Poland and later, during the Polish era, by the Polish-Soviet War. This resulted in widespread illegal behavior as a reaction by people who could not obtain enough food. The official policies for fairer food distribution were not sufficient to control total food distribution. On the contrary, municipal authorities sometimes took advantage of defects in the official food distribution system and intentionally refrained from activities against black marketeers in order to secure more food for their own population. Once rationing of the food distribution was introduced partly for the sake of economically weaker people as a social policy (Sozialpolitik/polityka spoleczna), this contributed to intensified antagonism between different nationalities living in Poland. In contrast to Western Europe, official control of food distribution - such as the municipalization of retail sales, preferential treatment of co-operatives and so on - could not produce the desired results in Eastern Europe, where there were no preconditions for the existence of a controlled economy.

• 2006-10-30

著者

• 松家 仁

  小樽商科大学

関連論文

• 1918年から1921年までのポーランドにおける食糧配給政策--第二次配給省(Ministerstwo Aprowizacji)の活動を通して
• 星乃治彦著, 『ナチス前夜における「抵抗」の歴史』, ミネルヴァ書房, 2007年, v+262+20頁
• 第一次大戦から1921年までのポーランドにおける統制経済とユダヤ人問題
• ポーランド独立に伴う旧プロイセン領ポーランドのドイツからの分離と民族問題(1918-1923)
• 永岑三千輝著, 『ホロコーストの力学』, 青木書店, 2003年8月, 242頁+注78頁, 4,300円
• 1918年から1921年までのポーランドにおける食糧配給政策 : 第二次配給省(Ministerstwo Aprowizacji)の活動を通して

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