帝政末期におけるベルリン近郊ゲマインデの公益的住宅建築事業 : 建築不況後のランクヴィッツLankwitzを事例として
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概要
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Many researchers have taken up the home construction policies implemented by cities such as Frankfurt am Main as the beginnings of home construction policy in Imperial Germany, while those of agricultural communities have long been left unexamined. Prof. Fusao Kato, however, asserts that in Imperial Germany autonomic administration was carried out not only in cities, but also in agricultural communities in the suburbs of Berlin. Consulting the work of Professor Kato and Professor C. Bernhardt, and using Lankwitz in Teltow County as an example, this thesis examines whether we can find the beginnings of home construction policy, relying on public financial assistance, in the agricultural districts of Imperial Germany, where home construction policies have not previously been considered to have existed. To begin with, this thesis examines the construction depression of 1907, and tries to explain the background to why the communities in the suburbs of Berlin moved in on the home supply market. I found that the management of not only the speculative home builders, but also many small home construction firms and mortgage financiers doing business in the suburbs of Berlin, had gotten into severe financial difficulties during this period of construction depression. Before World War I, the housing system which depended on private capital had reached its limits. In this atmosphere, Lankwitz, whose housing system had depended on private investment, examined ways to continue building homes in the community in order to maintain its tax base, and earn financial income from trading housing lots. Thus, in Lankwitz, a semi-public home construction company (BAG) was established, in which the municipality owned more than half the stock and assemblymen had the managerial rights. This BAG could overcome the difficulty of the shortage of mortgage funds in those days because it could receive direct financial assistance for buying and developing land, and a mortgage guarantee for construction expenses. By having construction expenses depend, for the most part, upon municipal financing, the BAG could provide more than half of the houses in Lankwitz, even after the construction depression. Through my analysis, it is clear that even in the agricultural communities in the suburbs of Berlin home construction policies using public monies were implemented. This proves that the traditional view, i.e. that Imperial Germany's public housing construction policy began only in urban areas, is inadequate.
- 2004-10-30