第一次大戦期における家事使用人 : 周辺から捉えた大戦景気下の労働市場

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概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• Domestic service has been frequently looked upon as an outlet for surplus labor. If this were true, domestic service would have been deprived of workers as the labor demand of industries increased. Domestic service, however, remained a large occupational group after the beginning of the industrialization of Japan. The purpose of this article is to investigate why domestic servants did not disappear although the labor demand of industries expanded during the economic boom of the First World War. This study is based on the manuscripts of the Hiroumi family, a manure and rice merchant family living in the Sennan District of the Osaka Prefecture. The Hiroumi family always employed three to four resident servants. Most were girls under the control of their parents who ultimately received their daughters' wages. Using personal connections, the employer hired workers from the lower classes living in the neighboring areas. Although the terms of work varied, most retired after a little more than a few years. Parents of the girls had another long-standing alternative of sending their daughters to work as domestic servants. There were many weaving factories throughout the Sennan District which required a large number of female workers. On the eve of the First World War, it was more profitable for parents to send their daughters to the weaving factories than to engage them in domestic service. In fact, the Hiroumi family was faced with a severe labor shortage when the labor demand of the weaving factories rapidly increased in the economic boom of the First World War. The problem, however, was soon resolved as the Hiroumi family immediately took such measures as drastically raising wages. As a result, it was profitable for parents to send their daughters to work as domestic servants. Compared to other regional wage levels, similar changes in domestic service were likely to have occurred elsewhere in Japan. During the economic boom of the First World War, many women remained working as domestic servants because their employers had made great efforts to retain them.

• 1999-07-20

著者

• 荻山 正浩

  東京大学大学院

関連論文

• 第一次大戦期における家事使用人 : 周辺から捉えた大戦景気下の労働市場
• 産業化の開始と家事使用人 : 大阪府泉南地方の一商家の事例を中心として
• 農業日雇をめぐる社会的諸関係 : 明治前期大阪府泉南地方における農業日雇の雇入れと社会的諸関係

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