食糧供出と農地改革 : 埼玉県南埼玉郡八條村を事例として
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概要
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Japanese postwar reforms proceeded amid a serious food crisis. The Japanese goverment required farmers to supply food in accordance with THE STAPLE FOOD CONTROL ACT enacted in 1942. The most pressing issue for farmers was not the land reform but dearing with compulsory food supply. The aim of this article is to clarify the relation between the process of the postwar land reform and the compulsory food suply policy. In this article, we deal with a rice-growing suburban village in the south-eastern part of Saitama prefecture. The main conclusions are as follows : (1) In our reserch area, members of SHOKURYOCHOSEI IINKAI (the Food Control Committee), who were in charge of the administration of compulsory food supply, included landlords at the beginning of the postwar reform period, but as the postwar reform proceeded, the constitution of the Committee changed to consist of landed farmars and tenants. (2) In this period, many members of NOUCHI IINKAI(the Farmland Committee) also held posts in SHOKURYO CHOSEI IINKAI. As a result, NOUCHI IINKAI'S policies were heavily influenced by the compulsory food supply policy. (3) New leaders of the village decided that the owner of farmland after the land reform should have productive capacity (experience or labor force) enough to comply with compulsory food supply. Using this logic, they succeeded in preventing non-cultivating landlords to become landed farmers. On the other hand, they accepted some self-cultivating landlords to become landed farmers, thus excluding small-scale unlanded farmer and farmers lacking in labor from benefiting from, the land reform. (4) The above logic by the village leaders meant that they could not challenge the compulsory food supply policy, although this resulted in farmers abandoning cultivation in less-productive parts of their farmland. Their activity only went so far as to aim for fair allocation of the cost of compulsory food supply.
- 1998-10-20