第一次大戦前ドイツにおける石炭シンジケート批判の展開 : 中小資本の動向を中心に
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概要
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In west central Germany before the First World War coal consuming smaller businesses such as textile and machinery industries aligned and formed Bund der Industriellen. The main object of the Bund was to criticize Rheinisch-Westfalisches Kohlensyndikat, a cartel of big businesses, and to arrange for an anti-monopoly movement against it. In Reichstag, the Germany Imperial Parliament, the parties such as Zentrum, Nationalliberale Partei and Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands repulsed cartels, and eventually most members of this parliament claimed the regulation over the Kohlensyndikat. Comparatively little attention was to date given to this affair. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the idea of the anti-monopoly movement and the controversy over cartels arose in Reichstag. Why the Cartel Regulation Act of 1923 was enacted will also be rightly understood through this procedure. Conclusions of the analysis mentioned above are as follows: First, the smaller businesses denounced the Kohlensyndikat fiercely, while they believes in their prosperity through cartelization. One of the most distinctive features in anti-monopoly movements in Germany consisted in this double-dealing attitude to monopoly as compared with those in England and the United States. Second, the anti-monopoly movement of the Bund succeeded in weaking the political influence of the monopolistic capitals in heavy industries from Ruhr in the 1900s. Later in early Weimar Era the purpose of regulating cartels by legislation bore fruit. Particularly G. Stresemann, who had played an important role as a representative from Sachsen industries in the anti-monopoly movement in the 1900s, initiated this legislation. Thus it is obvious that the anti-monopoly idea in Germany cannot be fully understood without considering the smaller businesses.
- 1988-04-20