ワイマル期ドイツ農業の構造と経営危機
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概要
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The aim of this paper is to elucidate what difficulties German agriculture faced and how it deepend its crisis in this period by analyzing the real figure of the farm-economy in the Weimar period. As is well known, the development of the Nazis' mass movement was accomplished by its advance in the rural area and the strong support from the peasantry toward the Nazis since 1930. Therefore, the examination of the problems of German agriculture in the Weimar period is evitably needed. In the Weimar period, the specialization toward the animal husbandry which only slowly progressed in the prewar period was settled. This conspicuous change of the direction of agricultural production was promoted by the worldwide change of the consumption of agricultural products and the comparative high level of prices of animal and dairy products. In this circumstance, the production of pig and milk played the principal role and the breeding of these livestock was speculatively extended. Subsquently this speculative extension led to the rapid decline of prices of them and caused the crisis of animal husbandry in 1927/1928. To be sure, the tendency of the socio-economic decline of Junker-farming in the prewar period went forward in 1924-1928, but it was since 1929 that the situation of Junker-farming was apparently brought to a crisis as was shown by the rescue financing in Osthilfe. Here is the determinate difference in comparison with the agricultural crisis in 1890's which appeared as the crisis of the grain (=Junker-farming). At any rate, German agriculture in the Weimar period, making the crisis of animal husbandry be the forerunner of agricutural crisis, wholly came to a deadlock in 1930-1932. Considering this fact from the viewpoint of political aspect, the crisis of the peasantry as the small producer became apparent in this period and their political inclination became determinative for the existence and the preservation of the Weimar political system. In fact, their anti-Weimar inclination appeared as the entire Nazification in Northern and Eastern Germany since 1930 and their radicalism became one of the chief grounds for the catastrophe of the Weimar political system.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1980-10-20
政治経済学・経済史学会 | 論文
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