プランテーションの経済構造 : 第二次大戦前後のミシシッピ州を中心として
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概要
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This article devotes to study how the old plantations have changed in the circumstances of the capitalistic developments after the Civil War, especially around World War II. In the most plantations, operated as a single unit, there have prevailed the plantation "tenant" system or share-cropping system. Under this system, the "tenants" worked under the general supervision of their planter, leasing various kinds of production facilities and being bought up all the products by him. In other words, there could be seen some primitive forms of capital got entangled with the remnants of former slavery, resulting in the low standard of living and labor productivity and the spread of the peonage. In the actual plantation, the cash crops have been mainly cultivated in the "tenant farms", and the "home farm" raised the feed crops by the wage laborers. In a word, the plantation has been that very transitional system which linked the "strings" of industrial capital in the "home farm" with the "strings" of merchant's-usurer's capital, strengthened by the subdivided land system. In the era around World War H> one can find the rapid progress of the mechanization and the capitalistic developments in the southern agriculture. According to some contemporary investigations in the Mississippi Delta Area, the plantation "tenant" system is being drived away by the wage labor system in the "home farm", accompanying such transient phenomena as the relative increase of croppers, "cropper-laborers" and "through and through" systems of farming. Only the mechanized "home farm" can lead the "tenant" system to the complete disappearance, resulting in the extinction of merchant's-usurer's capital and such exploitations peculiar to the peonage. Thus, in the 1950's the majority of the plantations in the Delta Area shifts to the capitalistic large farms ("neo-plantations"), intensifying the antagonisms peculiar to the capitalism.
- 1976-01-20