運動冗長性の研究が中枢性疾患のリハビリテーションにもたらすもの(国際招聘講演,理学療法のTotal Quality Management-時代が理学療法士に求めるものは何か!-,第43回日本理学療法学術大会(福岡))

概要

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Recent research suggests that two important features need to be identified to adequately characterize a functional synergy. These features are defined and illustrated in this article. The first feature is the relative contribution, on average, of the motor elements to the movement that underlies the function being performed. This feature is referred to as the "sharing" pattern. The second feature captures how the different motor elements are flexibly assembled across repetitions of the task. This feature provides for error compensation, is important for multi-tasking behavior, and requires motor redundancy. A number of studies with healthy individuals investigating a variety of tasks are briefly reviewed, illustrating the use of motor redundancy for error compensation. Patients with a stroke and, presumably, those with other neurological impairments, exhibit altered sharing patterns as well as an apparent limitation in decoupling joint space, which is necessary for motor redundancy to be used effectively while performance remains successful. If so, then the development of training strategies that facilitate the learning of joint or muscle decoupling is important. A few examples of how this might be achieved in the context of reaching are discussed.
2008-12-20