マネジメント論におけるオートポイエーシス理論の可能性 : ドイツ語圏経営経済学における議論を中心に
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概要
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This paper critically examines the application of "Autopoiesis" theory to business administration referencing the discussion in German business administration (Deutsche Betriebswirtschaftslehre). In more concrete terms, this paper points out that it is difficult to adopt Autopoiesis theory to management theory. The concept of "Autopoiesis" originates from biology meaning that a living system produces (and reproduces) its components through the network of its components. This concept was applied to social science by Niklas Luhmann, who thus constituted a unique social system theory. This concept has been introduced in business administration with the aim of overcoming the difficulties of environmentalism. In German business administration, researchers of St. Gallen University (St. Gallen Approach) and of Munich University (Munich Approach) applied Autopoiesis theory to their model. The St. Gallen Approach, on the basis of Luhmann's autopoietic social system theory, regarded corporate organizations as autopoietic systems. The Munich Approach, on the contrary, suggested a "conception of gradual autonomy" on the basis of Gunther Teubner's theory, and then ascertained corporate organizations in fact are not autopoietic systems. In our opinion, the former model assumes methodological holism; the latter assumes basically methodological individualism, but it also accepts the aspect of holism. Thus, Autopoiesis theory, on which the St. Gallen approach is based, takes the position of holism which leads to analytical difficulties. According to the St. Gallen approach, all elements in corporate organizations take the course of nature. Thus proponents of this model get into difficulties by claiming that management in corporate organization is needless. Therefore, we state that it is difficult to introduce Autopoiesis theory to business administration. Accordingly, we take up the problem of "Micro-Macro Link" in sociology and find that the Munich approach considers such a problem as "Micro-Macro Link". We then point out that, in business administration and particularly in management theory, the Munich approach is more appropriate than the St. Gallen approach which is based on Autopoiesis theory.
- 2008-04-20