商品化と脱商品化のプロセス
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概要
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This article proposes four categories of commodification and de-commodification processes: macro processes of commodification and de-commodification and micro processes of commodification and de-commodification. I discuss macro processes of commodification or de-commodification as social and historical detachment or attachment processes between people and their properties. On the other hand, micro processes of commodification or de-commodification are recognized as personal psychological detachment or attachment processes. I argue that a commodification process of labor is a typical case of macro processes of commodification. The commodification process of labor has progressed as a relationship of the family as a production unit has weakened and people have come to recognize their labor is detached from their "real" self. Detachment between the family and the individual, and "real" self and labor forces facilitates the commodification of labor. As the family unit has changed from a production unit to a place of affection, the image of the child has changed from a "small adult" to a "lovable child". The child had become to be assessed in terms of "emotional value" not "monetary value". The change in the social definition of childhood is one case of macro processes of de-commodification. We have opportunities to transact commodities but also non-commodities socially defined in modern market economies. When we transact irreplaceable non-commodities via market, we tend to feel ambivalence and a guilty conscience. We may adopt two strategies in order to ease these feelings: 1) we detach ourselves psychologically from these things and manage to regard them as commodities; 2) we try to recognize the transaction as gift exchange rather than commodity exchange. This is a personal and psychological micro process of commodification. In market economies, we live surrounded by a number of commodities. Although we originally have no personal relation to commodities produced by other people, we attach ourselves to our favorite properties purchased in the market. The relationship of people to these properties contributes to develop their self-identity. This is a micro process of de-commodification.
- 日本経営学会の論文
- 2007-10-20