Constituting Democracy : Psychological Warfare, Democratization, and the Remaking of the Japanese Constitution

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This paper attempts to integrate the study of wartime psychological warfare operations and doctrines into post-war Japan demonstrating that many of the same tactics and methods used during the war were later employed by the American military bureaucracy to help create a more democratic atmosphere while simultaneously seeking to control a defeated nation. Psychological warfare pervaded many aspects of the occupation period simply because those members charged with its conduct during the war were later charged with the daunting task to democratize a vanquished nation and transform their political, social, and to some extent cultural practices, to ensure that Japan would peacefully reenter the international community as a democratic nation. As a result, the paper, as well as the larger project, questions the plausibility of creating democratic institutions through autocratic military methods. After all, many American politicians, theorists, specialists, and military staff all blamed Japan's lack of a democratic government, which led that nation to war against the United States, on militarism and those militarist politicians and bureaucrats who governed the country; ironically, following the cessation of hostilities between the United States and Japan, military men continued to govern the nation. The only difference was that these new military men were not Japanese in origin or citizenship.
国際基督教大学の論文