Indirectness or elaboration? : Relationship between linguistic politeness level and social distances (Inherently impolite speech acts)
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概要
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The eternal purpose of this study is to ascertain if linguistic politeness level reveals patterns, in relation to varying familiarity and power difference, that differ between the following two cases : when linguistic politeness level is measured by (in) directness of speech act and when measured by elaboration. As a result of reviewing a substantial number of previously published empirical studies measuring linguistic politeness level by (in) directness scale, it was found that politeness level as (in) direcdtness shows patterns different from those of politeness level as elaboration. In the process, I became aware of, and have noted here, some problems with the Bulge theory, as well as a magnitude of situational and cultural factors that influence the patterns. In the present paper, I concentrated my discussion on 'inherently impolite' speech acts.