19世紀テヘランの大バーザール : 発展、構成、所有関係(<特集>イラン世界とその周辺地域-その形成と展開)
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The bazaar, a large, traditional marketplace, has been an essential part of Iranian cities for centuries. Each historical city has a bazaar located in its center, and even today, a substantial part of commercial transactions are conducted in the traditional bazaars. However, few historical studies have attempted to analyze the process of the expansion, organization, and ownership of a bazaar, mainly due to the lack of sources. This article is intended as an investigation of the process of the expansion, organization, and ownership of the Bazaar of Tehran during the nineteenth century, based on building surveys as well as unpublished documents. In particular, the role of waqf (religious endowments) in the Bazaar will be discussed thoroughly in this article. The Bazaar of Tehran was built in the first half of the sixteenth century; however, its expansion started in the beginning of the nineteenth century when the Qajars chose Tehran as their capital. Aqa Mohammad Khan, the first ruler, transformed the square in front of the Bazaar entrance into a marketplace called Chahar Bazar. Fath 'Ali Shah, the second ruler, built Masjed-e Shah and two chahar-suqs. It is well known that during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah, the Bazaar was expanded widely to the west side as the Saray of Amir and the Bazaar of Amir were constructed. However, except for Masjed-e Shah, the Qajars did not endow the religious institutions with these commercial facilities in the Bazaar. This was unlike the case of the Ottomans who built more than 2000 shops for waqf in Istanbul in the later half of the fifteenth century. As a result, the building survey of 1853 shows that 42% of the total number of shops in the Bazaar belonged to the shah or the state. Only 11% of the total number of shops was waqf property. Furthermore, in the building survey of 1899-1900, the proportion of waqf shops was insignificant (9%). However, in this survey, it was also found that the number of shops owned by the shah and the state had drastically decreased. On the other hand, the bureaucrats, the military class as well as the royal family owned more shops than they did earlier. The shops in the Bazaar would sell all types of goods, but precious and expensive goods such as crystals and cloths were more important since they were only sold in the Bazaar. With regard to the sarays, which were used as offices of wholesale merchants as well as shops and workshops, the building surveys and the documents show that 60% of the sarays totally or partly belonged to waqf. However, the fact that most of the sarays were shared by several owners and their ownership was divided into small portions is of greater importance. In most cases, the builders of the sarays did not endow religious institutions with their sarays during the period of construction. The purchasers of small portions of the sarays would establish small waqfs in their portions. Over a considerable period of time, the sarays became waqf property. In other words, the waqf system did not contribute considerably to the construction of new sarays and shops in the Bazaar. However, waqfs were gradually established on old sarays and shops in the Bazaar, and contributed toward the maintenance of commercial facilities in it.
著者
関連論文
- 19世紀テヘランの大バーザール : 発展、構成、所有関係(イラン世界とその周辺地域-その形成と展開)
- テヘラン大バーザールの一サライ--ワクフと遺言に見るその背景 (世界史の研究(206))
- イスラーム写本・文書資料の総合的研究
- 民族のこころ(144) : 古集会モスク再訪
- 19世紀テヘランの高利貸--約款売買証書をめぐって
- 「二重のワクフ」訴訟 : 19世紀イランのシャリーア法廷
- テヘランの古集会モスクとワクフ
- 19世紀テヘランの都市社会とワクフ
- フィールドと古文書 (新入所員自己紹介)
- マヌーチェフル・ハーンの資産とワクフ
- 19世紀後半のテヘランのシャリーア法廷台帳
- 19世紀テヘランのマドラサとワクフ