『サライ・アルバム(宮廷詩画帳)』(トプカプ宮殿美術館蔵)に描かれた音楽・舞踊(3)
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概要
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This paper is the third report of our collaborated research with the art historians, taking two volumes (H.2153 and H.2160) of the Saray Albums in Topkapi Palace Museum as the object of study.The purpose of this paper is analyzing on the depiction style of (1) circular frame drums, and (2) vertical angular harps, in various iconographical examples. Analyzing articles are, first on the circular frame drums, 1) depiction of the frame, 2) number of zills or small cymbals, 3) depiction style of zills and 4) detailed depiction of the frame. Second, on the angular harps, the articles are 1) harp player's direction in the picture, 2) player's sex (male or female), 3) playing/holding style, and 4) the characteristic structure of this instrument. Through analyzing, we indicate the rough sketch of the changing process in the depictions of these instruments. In the first section of this paper, Matsumoto discusses on circular frame drums, which have been illustrated or sculptured since ancient time in West Asia. Analyzing 254 examples, the following aspects are made clear. (1) In Islamic period, the depiction of zill-shaped objects had started from 13th century. (2) It is approximately in 17^<th> century that the number of zills is fixed to five pairs. (3) Until 16^<th> century, there were several depiction types of zills, for example, (a) the inset frame type, (b) the outside frame type, (c) the inside frame type, and so on. However, (b) the outside frame type became major in 17^<th> century. (4) The cubic delineation of the frame, which was recognized since 13^<th> century, had become ordinary depictions in 18^<th> century, especially in Ottoman Empire. In the second section, the various depictions of vertical angular harp, gang or geng, in the Islamic miniatures are examined by Koshiba. There are so many iconographical examples of harp, especially in the manuscripts of 15^<th> and 16^<th> century. The analyzed points are as follows. 1) Female harp players, for example, the harpist named Azade or Fituna, are often drawn in the stories such as "Shahnama" (Book of Kings) by Firdawsi and "Khamsah" (The five stories) by Nizami. Then, these two kinds of manuscripts in the various centuries had kept up the harp depictions. 2) On the depictions of playing/holding style, there are three types, as (A) the across holding, (B) the traditional vertical holding, and (C) the vertically holding up on the arm. (A) type is the most frequently depicted style, and (C) type, first drawn in the Herat manuscript at 1429, has the characteristic structure of a little bit flat head and less curved body with the longer leg, and this structure is also found in the picture of Saray Album, as "the male harpist" (H.2153/fol.22b).
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