チェコ共和国における森林所有の展開 : 体制移行期における私有化過程までの歴史分析

概要

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This study analyzes the main historical, social and political factors that led to today's forest ownership structure of the Czech Republic through an examination of relevant information. The focus is on the evaluation of the legislation affecting the forest ownership. From the analyzed data, the historical timeline was divided into four historical phases. In the first phase (1867-1918), the non-state forest ownership was very high and by 1910 counted for almost 100% of the country's forests. At the beginning of the second phase (1918-1948), the share of forests owned by individuals went up to 75% but the total for non-state forests slightly decreased. Then, two drastic changes directly resulting from the unstable political climate in Europe and the Second World War occurred: In 1938, the vast mountainous areas around Czech borders were ceded to Germany. As a reaction to that, the first major wave of property confiscation took place right after the Second World War. About 1,080,000 ha of total private forest area were confiscated by means of the "Benes Decrees". During the third phase (1948-1989), the non-state ownership decreased to only 6.6% in 1980. At the beginning of the fourth phase (1989-2005), the reverse process began.
2006-03-01