New Problems of Natural Resources Use Related to the Change of Legislation and New Nation-wide Projects
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概要
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In this report the analysis of a modern situation in natural resources use in Russia is given from the point of view of the newest tendencies connected to the last changes of Legislation of Natural Resources Use and to acceptance and realization of four New Nationwide Projects. The system of environmental protection existing in the Russia the time being, inferior to the system of industrialized countries virtually in all respects and, above all, as far as efficiency is concerned. Officially, it is admitted that there are quite a few pressing problems in the environmental sphere because for the last 15 years the sphere has been on the sideline of state policy. However, from this year on, the handling of environmental problems again becomes one of Russia's development priorities. The legal base of natural resources use in Russia is still far from being consonant with the problems that exist in our society, yet attempts to improve the legal base are made all the time. Among these is, for example, the adoption of the new crucial codes, the Water Code and the Forest Code; both became effective from January 1, 2007. Both laws had been prepared for several years and evoked heated discussions of the scientific community and the general public concerned. For all the diversity of the drafts that had been prepared by both Russia's Ministry of Natural Resources and Ministry of Economic Development, it was possible to trace the main trend towards consistent consideration of private sector interests and reduced state administration in these areas of nature management. The problem that has emerged in recent years is the supervision of compliance with legislation in the sphere of town-planning with a view to ruling out in the future of possible squandering of budgetary resources, preventing criminal redistribution of land resources, allowing no loss of human lives as a result of construction catastrophes. At one of the last meeting of Russia's Security Council in 2008, the agenda included this item: "On measures to provide for environmental security". In the opinion of the president, the primary task of Russia's environmental policy is to set up an effective system of environmental security in the face of the growing technogenic load on natural ecological systems. Also began discussion about necessity of development of next very urgent nation-wide project concerning environmental problems in the country. However, at more detailed analysis of occurring changes in sphere of management and in legislative sphere of the natural resources use certain lacks attitude come to light on the part of the state to problems in this field. Following the example of advanced countries, it is proposed to identify industrial, recreational and specially-protected areas with varying admissibility of the level of impact on environment and to establish, within these areas, the requirement criteria on the basis of process standards. Thus, situation, developing now in Russia, in the area of natural resources use consist in development of two opposite directed tendencies: 1. The strengthening attention of the state and community to the problems Natural Resources Use and protection of environment; 2. In fact, the easing the control of the state in the field of the decision of urgent problems Natural Resources Use and protection of environment and, as a consequence, increase of cases and sizes illegal plunder and negligent manipulation with natural resources and environment. It is not clear yet, which of them can become dominant and will appear as winner in the future.
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