漢唐間における和蕃公主の降嫁について
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概要
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The custom of marrying daughters of the imperial families of China's central dynasties to non-Han allies on their peripheries (hefan gongzhu 和蕃公主) was adopted from the Former Han period on as a method of appeasement. The first example of the custom was the marriage of a Former Han Dynasty woman to a Hungnu 匈奴 leader of the Mongolian steppe. Since the custom was regarded as disgraceful by the Han people, but also viewed as unavoidable in maintaining amiable relations with the Hungnu people, it was never given very high priority in diplomatic policy making, resulting in a decline in such marriages over time. As the strength of the Former Han Dynasty grew in relation to that of the Hungnu up through the reign of Emperor Wu, the Dynasty attempted to form alliances with third parties like the Wusun 烏孫 in order to further weaken the Hungnu. The Latter Han Dynasty continued the policies of its predecessor, but did not employ marriage alliances as part of its diplomacy, history recording not even one case throughout the whole period. Such was the case for the following Wei and Jin southern dynasties. Throughout this time the custom was not only regarded as shameful, but also as ineffective, in that it actually worked to empower peripheral peoples. However, during the following multi-ethnic Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang periods the custom was revived and became a frequently employed policy to strengthen alliances with neighboring peoples, without any feeling of disgrace towards the brides involved; rather, there was a new found feeling of goodwill on the part of these central dynasties towards peoples on their peripheries. Then, after the Anshi Rebellion (756-763), as the traditional political and military ideology of the Northern Dynasties was replaced with Southern Dynastic notions, marriage alliances gradually declined until the custom finally disappeared during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), reverting to the original place which it held in Han culture, only to have the custom revived under the Yuan Dynasty. From this historical pattern, the author concludes that the hefan gongzhu, which flourished under the Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang periods, was fundamentally antithetical to the traditions of dynasties founded by Han emperors, but was adopted in response to incursions of non-Han peoples into the northern territories of the Wei and Jin Southern Dynasties.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 2008-07-20