Genetic diversity and relationship analysis of peanut germplasm using SSR markers

概要

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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an important source of oil and protein, is native to South America. Most peanuts grown in Japan are large-grain cultivars that are eaten mainly as a snack. The peanut germplasm was introduced from abroad over a century ago and has been used for breeding. Although many peanut varieties have been developed, the relationship between Japanese varieties and peanut phylogeny remains unclear; therefore, this study assessed the diversity and genetic relationships within the peanut germplasms in Japan using allelic variation in a selected set of 13 SSR markers. We analyzed 201 accessions of A. hypogaea and 13 accessions of Arachis wild species: 13 primer pairs amplified 108 polymorphic alleles in A. hypogaea. The detected alleles were 3-15 at each of the 13 markers, with an average of 8.3 per marker. The phenogram based on the SSR genotypes was obtained. A. hypogaea and A. monticola made a separate group from diploid species; they were classified into 150 genotypes. A. hypogaea and A. monticola were divided further into two groups; the first group consisted mainly of spp. fastigiata accessions; the second group consisted mainly of spp. hypogaea accessions and tetraploid wild peanut A. monticola.