障害者と見世物芸人 : 障害者の処遇史に関する一考察

概要

論文の詳細を見る
Before modern society the handicapped was often confined in the room or watch by people. The midget was worked for the governing class as comedian in ancient China and Japan. Some Chinese philosopher, for example, Confucius blamed dwarf for reason why politician was corupted by them. As a result, shogun or the military caste could not go to show-booth during Tokugawa period which was greatly influenced by Confucian scholar. It was specially in the later fudal society when there were many handicapped who were played as actor for citizen. They had 74 kind of the handicapped showman. Why did they bocome showman? For the first place, they were sold and bought by merchant of person. Secondly, the sin of their father are visited on the children. The retribution was a kind of moral educatin in Japan. Meiji Goverment often prohibited peopile to watch cripple showman after 1868 in order to reform unequal treaty between foreign countries and the Tokugawa Shogunate, but had no policy of social welfare for the handicapped. So they had to continue working as a player. They were not actor and actress until goverment gave pulic support to them after the Second World War. Owing to the Law of Social Welfare for Child in 1947, for The Physically Handicapped in 1949 and The Livelihood Protection Law in 1950, they can manage to keep without playing.
日本特殊教育学会の論文
1972-12-01