少年矯正施設における生活指導 : リーダーづくりの実験的研究
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概要
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The living guidance in reform and training schools has been developed embodying various activities and viewpoints such as general guidance, composition class and education based on group principles, and has recently come to particularly resort to the theory and technique of group guidance. However, there has not yet been established an integrated technique of group guidance, though each of the activities composing the living guidance has its own merits and credits of effects. In this study, informal groups were observed to grow more and more formal as the result of official assignment of the members in charge of various duties; the process of the group formalization was analysed with the way of assigning the leader, his status and his awareness of it as main themes of analysis, and then a consideration was given to the method of group training. The primary groups, i.e., co-living, dormitory groups, were re-organized through the following steps: 1. Meetings were arranged for contemporaneous admission groups; 2. Official assignments were made as to routine works in the dormitory room; 3. Deliberations were given to monthly reorganizations of dormitory groups, which were based on the results of Guess Who Test and Sociometric Tests, and re-formations were so made as to harmonize the groups in terms of strata of the duty-role system; 4. Dormitory group activities were encouraged, particularly as to issuing newspapers of the room, and having room meetings; and 5. The committee of leaders, i.e., representatives of rooms was invested with a certain amount of authority, and a high standard of activities was expected of them. A hypothesis prerequisite to the expereimental guidance (May, 1966-March, 1968) was that the guidance would produce the following changes in the group and the members: 1. Leaders would come to be aware of direct and realistic problems of the group; and 2. The existence of a leader would become indispensable for the group. With the data of observation and interviews, the hypothesis was reduced to the following statements. 1. As groups grow formal, the members come to seek status in the formal group. 2. Leaders of formal groups develop the capacity to grasp the problems of the group from a wide and impartial standpoint. 3. When the role of the leader involves difficult duties, though it is invested with some authority, sub-leaders are prone to be reluctant to take over the leadership. 4. Followers tend to have stronger longings for the leadership, when it involves authority as well as difficult duties.
- 日本特殊教育学会の論文
- 1968-10-31