近世大和郡山城下町における酒造仲間
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概要
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Adopting the perspectives of urban social history and local history, this paper reveals the structure of the brewers' guild of Yamato Koriyama's late premodern castle town. In Koriyama there were sixty-three officially recognized brewing permits (shuzo kabu), and the total annual allowance of rice for brewing (shuzo daka) was 11,376 koku. The brewing industry prospered during the Genroku era, but went into decline from the Tenmei era on. The domain's policy toward brewers may be summarized as follows: 1) In order to convert its tribute rice into silver, the domain designated a market where brewers could purchase rice for their raw materials; and in exchange, brewers were allowed hold a monopoly on the wholesale and retail of sake within the town. 2) The brewers' guild required the domain's approval in setting the price of sake, which they established every year in the fourth and tenth months. However, as a result of a petition by the brewers in Bunsei 5 (1822), the latter policy was changed, allowing the brewers to set prices without the domain's approval. At the beginning of the late premodern period, the top-ranking town officials, called hakomoto, were in charge of supervising the local brewers. However, when the Bakufu imposed a levy on brewers in Genroku 10 (1697), the brewers elected an official (aratame yaku) among themselves to collect the tax. Consequently, this official had assumed total management of the brewers by Shotoku 1 (1711). Later during the Tenmei period, the aratame yaku temporarily stepped down, as a new administrative position was created, served by brewers themselves on a monthly rotating basis. At the same time, the administrative system became stratified, with some duties performed by bureaucrats who were not part of the brewing industry. Retail merchants (ukezakaya), who were responsible for most of the sake sold in Koriyama, often failed to pay for merchandise they had purchased on credit, threatening the brewing industry, so the brewers decided to organize the merchants into branch shops, over which the brewers would exercise control. Retail merchants also received official permits, but eventually unlicensed retailers emerged. The brewers' guild was able to maintain this organization of branch shops after an investigation conducted during the Genroku period, but after another investigation during the Kyoho period, the retail merchants were organized into a guild of their own, and the two guilds, each with their own concerns, developed a complex relationship. The retail merchants' business interests gradually changed and during the late eighteenth century began selling sake produced outside of the castle town (tasho zake), causing a declined in the local brewing industry. This practice reveals the difficulties that the brewers encountered in organizing retail merchants.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 2007-11-20