室町時代の「知行主」 : 「伊勢国司」北畠氏を例として
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概要
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In recent years a revival has occurred in the research done by Kawaoka Tsutomu in the idea of a Muromachi Bakufu power structure whose major players were the Bakufu in Kyoto and its appointed military executives (shugo 守護) in the provinces. The author of this article argues that such a characterization places too much emphasis on the role of shugo, in that there were figures who were never appointed to that position but nevertheless wielded as much power and influence and should be looked upon as "de facto shugo." For this reason, in order to better understand the Bakufu's power structure, it is necessary to re-confirm the political forces looked upon to date as "shugo," first in terms of those appointed to the position and those not, and to then consider the kind of relationship which those who were not appointed enjoyed with the Bakufu. The present article focuses on the Kitabatake Family of Ise Province as a typical example of Bakufu vassals who were granted fiefs (chigyo 知行) but not appointed military governors, and because of that fact have been defined in the research to date as "partial" or "quasi" shugo. After an examination of the Kitabatake Family's authorization to issue directives on behalf of the Bakufu (jungyo 遵行) and its military administration of Ise Province, the author points out that 1) the Kitabakes were not appointed to the position of shugo until the Bunmei Era (1469-1487), and 2) prior to Bunmei, the family's deputization and military recruiting in Ise connected them to the Bakufu without the mediation of a shugo appointment, showing that the Bakufu included powerful regional figures other than shugo families. The article also discusses the authority wielded by the Kitabatake Family within its fief, and its activities outside of that fief, namely its control of access to the Ise Shrine, in order to examine critically the existing understanding about the basis on which the office of shugo existed, arguing that 1) such authority as control over access to shrines cannot be understood as falling within the jurisdiction of the office of shugo, and 2) calling the Kitabatake Family the "provincial governor of Ise" (Ise-kokushi 伊勢 国司) meant something altogether different. The author concludes that in order to understand the power structure of the Muromachi Bakufu, it is necessary to transcend the Bakufu-Shugo connection and focus on other kinds of Bakufu vassal (chigyoshu 知行主) on sub-provincial levels, for example.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 2007-11-20
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