56 Livestock Poisoning by Toxic Plants

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Poisoning of cattle by plants is a worldwide problem, no matter whether developed or underdeveloped countries are involved, and no matter whether moderate or tropical climates favour growth of those plants. In Central Europe intoxications occur from Trisetum flavescens, from oak leaves, and from bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum. Whereas in Europe the figure of poisonings is relatively small it rates in the order of several hundreds of thousands in South America, thus being a serious problem for the single farmer as well as for the whole economics. This paper will deal with a selection of two out of many plants: Baccharis coridifolia, and Polygala klotzschii. 1. Baccharis coridifolia. The toxic principles responsible for death of the animals have been isolated. The structure elucidation showed eight compounds, all macrocyclic trichothecenes. Two of them were the already known Roridin E, and Roridin A. The six others are four toxic metabolites, Miotoxins A, B, C, D, and iso-D, and two non-toxic metabolites Miophytocenes A, and B, all of them produced in the plant. Roridines and related trichothecenes are well known to be metabolites of fungi imperfecti, living in the soil. Search for those led to the isolation of Myrothecium verucaria as microorganism responsible for the production of the toxins on the surface of the roots. 2. Polygala klotzschii. This plant contains two completely differend types of toxins: A mixture of at least 8 different glycosides, all of them with the same aglycon: 16 -Hydroxy-medicagenic acid, and 5-methoxy-podophyllotoxin. Both types of toxins cause certain symptoms. In acute cases death occurs from 5-methoxy-podophyllotoxin only, as this substance is much more toxic than the mixture of glycosides. In cases of chronic poisoning, however, the glycosides may also add to the symptoms, thus complicating the pathology.
天然有機化合物討論会の論文
1985-09-07

56 Livestock Poisoning by Toxic Plants

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