Plasmolysis-like Phenomena in Paramecium Cells Effects of Ca-Precipitant Na-salts and of Non-Electrolytes

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1. A very marked phenomenon of "plasmolysis" (protoplast shrinking away from the pellicle) was shown to take place in Paramecium cells, when they were immersed in Na-oxalate (and also Na-citrate) solutions at lower concentrations (0.01 to 0.06M). It seemed to be different in nature from the true plasmolysis which had already been reported to be obtainable in hypertonic solutions of NaCl, etc., in that it was apparently of a non-osmotic origin. 2. In higher concentrations of Na-oxalate (and Na-citrate) there was only flattening of the cell bodies, which was followed by abnormal swelling of protoplasm. 3. Sucrose and glycerol caused only flattening of Paramecia even in very hypertonic solutions, and this was soon followed by cell disintegration. Only extremely concentrated (above 6M) glycerol solution was effective in setting up quite remarkable and stable form of plasmolysis in a fairly high percentage of the cells. These findings in non-electrolytic media were discussed as to their nature and mechanism. Postscript added in proof : Iwamatsu's published report (Iwamatsu and Ohfuchi, 1959) was received by the present writer after the manuscript of this paper had gone to the editors. The threshold concentration of glycerol for plasmolysis turned out somewhat lower by these authors. Their results were otherwise largely confirmative of the previous and present results reported by the writer, inclusive of the electrolyte effects, except for the effective concentration range of Na_2SO_4 falling very high (about twice as high as the writer's). This was possibly due to their failure to take into account the crystallization water in preparing the molar solution.
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Plasmolysis-like Phenomena in Paramecium Cells Effects of Ca-Precipitant Na-salts and of Non-Electrolytes

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