On the Propagation of Upper Atmospheric Pressure Waves in the Westerly Current with Vertical Gradient Part I : General Theory and Special Case of no Horizontal Stratification and no Friction

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概要

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• With increasing altitudes many peculiar phenomena appear in the upper atmospheric pressure waves propagating in the westerly current with vertical gradient, such ac displacements of high pressure- (or low pressure-) centers and the singularity in the vertical distribution of the upper wind. Among the physical properties of these upper air waves we are particularly interested in the phase changes associated with altitude and latitude. In fact the centers of cyclone and anticyclone developing in middle latitudes displace their positions with the altitude, that is, their phases change with the altitude. For these phase changes there are some explanations such as that of Holmbo's text book. But this explanation contradicts the result of measurements reported by Saito. From his statistical treatment of aerological data, he concluded that at about 4-5km height there was a bend in the axis of the cyclone center, above which the center of the cyclone is not displaced, but there is a large change below it. We had also recognized these facts in the analysis of aerological data during the Pacific war. As an attempt to interpret these phenomena from the theoretical point of view we shall propose here that these phenomena are connected with their phase change at a particular altitude in the westerly current with vertical gradient, at which altitude the velocity of the mean current coincides with that of the perturbation waves. These perturbation waves may consist of divergence and vorticity waves of the upper air wind. In the present paper the author, in the first place, determined fundamental equations for these waves, seeking their particular solutions, for which the periods, wave lengths and propagation velocities are the same as those of the main cyclone- and anticyclone-waves effective in weather forecasting. From our discussion of this particular solution we can show that the characteristics of the above mentioned phase changes are well explained, and furthermore the types of the change of winds at this altitude are also discussed.

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著者

• 下瀬 恒人

  Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University

• 下瀬 恒人

  Department Of Physics Faculty Of Science Ochanomiza University

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• On the Propagation of Upper Atmospheric Pressure Waves in the Westerly Current with Vertical Gradient Part I : General Theory and Special Case of no Horizontal Stratification and no Friction
• On the Transformation and Mutual Relations of Adiabatic Charts Convenient to the Height Calculation
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