カントの<実践的判断力>について : カント倫理学への一視座
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
What kinds of judgments govern our actions? Here, "action" refers to the variety of acts we perform as we live our daily life, and primarily focuses on good actions. We both consciously and unconsciously choose between good actions and bad actions on a daily basis. Therefore, on what grounds do we make a judgement in selecting these actions? In Kant's ethics, how are these issues addressed? Based on the presumption that we are all rational beings, Kant states that "das Gesetz ist das objektive Prinzip, gultig fur jedes vernunftige Wesen, and der Grundsatz, nach dem es handeln soll." (IV 421). In other words, he is discussing the categorical imperative (kategorischer Imperativ), which he defines as "Handle so, daβ die Maxime deines Willens jederzeit zugleich als Prinzip einer allgemeinen Gesetzgebung gelten konne" (V 30). Kant believes that this imperative or moral law is imposed by ourselves based on the rules that govern our intentions and absolute principles. This does not mean, however, that we can immediately define right or wrong actions just because the categorical imperative is applied. For example, even if the categorical imperative is applied in every case, in actual facts, there is little likelihood that everyone's actions could be judged as being morally good. What then is the relation between the categorical imperative and our concrete actions? This essay focuses on "Von der Typik der reinen praktischen Urteilskraft, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft", and examines how universal moral laws are concretely applied to real actions based on practical judgment (praktische Urteilskraft). This essay also aims to try and demonstrate the significant role of the type (Typik).