「遊楽部学校」の歴史 : 1880〜90年代のアイヌ学校に関する実態分析のこころみ

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概要

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• This paper analyzes the history of Yurappu School in southern Hokkaido, one of the initial elementary schools for Ainu children by focusing on government enrollment drives and correspondence with local Ainu, as well as government attitudes regarding the maintenance and administration of the school. The summary of this paper is as follows : 1 In the Edo period, Yurappu was located on the frontier between the land of Ezo (Ainu) and the land of Wajin (Japanese). The Ainu community of Yurappu was established through the their forced migration instigated by Matsumae domain and the Tokugawa shogunate. The Ainu of Yurappu had a great deal of interaction with Wajin from the Edo period ; therefore, many were able to understand Japanese more than Ainu living in any other region of Hokkaido. Because of these historical factors, Hakodate Prefecture expected that a school in Yurappu would enroll a large number of Ainu children. 2 After the opening of the school, the prefecture studied the number and location of Ainu children versus enrollment. It was discovered that local Ainu leaders, called Yakudojin played an important part in enrollment efforts. While there was tension between Ainu society and Yurappu school, some Ainu voluntarily visited the school, voluntarily sought an education at the school. 3 Hakodate Prefecture (in 1886, the Hokkaido government) and the neighboring Japanese village of Yakumo faced many problems maintaining and managing Yurappu school. Despite the fact that Yurappu's population was not sufficient to support a school, Yakumo village as well as the prefecture left Yurappu school in operation. Because of this, it was difficult to keep Yurappu school running at times. Hokkaido government subsidized the school, but it was only a temporary measure. In 1898, the Ainu Yurappu school was integrated into the Japanese Yakumo school. 4 The education of Yurappu's Ainu children was at the mercy of the government. Past research concluded that education did not spread among the Ainu population because Ainu did not understand the meaning of education. However, it was the government that neglected the education of Ainu. The acquisition of education among Ainu was largely accomplished through their own efforts.

• 2007-10-01

著者

• 小川 正人

  北海道立アイヌ民族文化研究センター

• 小川 正人

  北海道アイヌ民族文化研究センター

関連論文

• 北村嘉恵著, 『日本植民地下の台湾先住民教育史』, 北海道大学出版会, 2008年2月, 392頁, 6720円
• 「遊楽部学校」の歴史 : 1880〜90年代のアイヌ学校に関する実態分析のこころみ
• 河西英通著『近代日本の地域思想』
• 近代アイヌ教育史研究への課題 (〔地方史研究協議会1993年度〕大会特集--「異域」「異国」との接点--北方史の視点から-2-) -- (問題提起)
• 「アイヌ教育制度」の廃止 : 「旧土人児童教育規程」廃止と1937年「北海道旧土人保護法」改正
• 「アイヌ学校」の設置と「北海道旧土人保護法」・「旧土人児童教育規程」の成立
• 対雁(ついしかり)学校の歴史 : 北海道に強制移住させられた樺太アイヌの教育史
• 教育史の有効性を問う : 近代アイヌ教育史の研究者として(教育史の有効性を問う-『教育史学会40周年記念誌』を踏まえて-,大会シンポジウム,II 教育史学会第43回大会記録)

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