コーランアラビア語における『条件詞』law再考
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概要
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In order to understand and read the Qur'an after Islam was established, Pre-Classical Arabic and its dialects were systematized at that time to create Classical Arabic. The differences between Pre-Classical Arabic and Classical Arabic have already discussed in previous studies. However, these differences have not been clarified. Additionally Moriguchi [2002] analyzed conditional structures (law and 'in structures) of Qur'anic Arabic finding the possibility that Qur'anic Arabic and Classical Arabic have particular grammatical differences. In the analysis, it was found that law has a particular syntax function which 'in has not been found to have. This paper investigates the usage of verbal forms in law structure of Qur'anic Arabic, in order to elucidate how law, which is said to introduce hypothetical clauses in Classical Arabic, is used in Qur'anic Arabic. The following are the findings. 1) There are a variety of verbal forms in law clause. 2) A law apodosis always has the prefix la. 3) The negative form of a law clause is law la. 4) The negative verbal form in law apodosis is restricted to ma+perfect. These above forms are restricted to Qur'anic Arabic. On the other hand, in Classical Arabic the verbal form is restricted to the Perfect, the common negative form is lam+Jussive, and prefix la in the apodosis is optional. In addition, in another conditional structure ('in structure), the verbal form in a protasis is based on the speaker's point of view, and the verbal form of the apodosis agrees with the protasis. These results suggest that the conception of law has changed with the development of grammatical theory. That is to say in Qur'anic Arabic, law does not function as a conditional particle, but serves as an unreal assumption. Thus, the various verbal forms can be used without any conspicuous meaning in law clause. Regarding the negative form, the most popular negative form in Classical Arabic, lam+Jussive, is not used at all in Qur'anic Arabic. This fact also supports the difference in function of law between Qur'anic Arabic and Classical Arabic.
- 日本中東学会の論文
- 2006-03-31